跨不同边缘设备（客户）局部数据的分布不均匀，导致模型训练缓慢，并降低了联合学习的准确性。幼稚的联合学习（FL）策略和大多数替代解决方案试图通过加权跨客户的深度学习模型来实现更多公平。这项工作介绍了在现实世界数据集中遇到的一种新颖的非IID类型，即集群键，其中客户组具有具有相似分布的本地数据，从而导致全局模型收敛到过度拟合的解决方案。为了处理非IID数据，尤其是群集串数据的数据，我们提出了FedDrl，这是一种新型的FL模型，它采用了深厚的强化学习来适应每个客户的影响因素（将用作聚合过程中的权重）。在一组联合数据集上进行了广泛的实验证实，拟议的FEDDR可以根据CIFAR-100数据集的平均平均为FedAvg和FedProx方法提高了有利的改进，例如，高达4.05％和2.17％。

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss in the world, and early DR detection is necessary to prevent vision loss and support an appropriate treatment. In this work, we leverage interactive machine learning and introduce a joint learning framework, termed DRG-Net, to effectively learn both disease grading and multi-lesion segmentation. Our DRG-Net consists of two modules: (i) DRG-AI-System to classify DR Grading, localize lesion areas, and provide visual explanations; (ii) DRG-Expert-Interaction to receive feedback from user-expert and improve the DRG-AI-System. To deal with sparse data, we utilize transfer learning mechanisms to extract invariant feature representations by using Wasserstein distance and adversarial learning-based entropy minimization. Besides, we propose a novel attention strategy at both low- and high-level features to automatically select the most significant lesion information and provide explainable properties. In terms of human interaction, we further develop DRG-Net as a tool that enables expert users to correct the system's predictions, which may then be used to update the system as a whole. Moreover, thanks to the attention mechanism and loss functions constraint between lesion features and classification features, our approach can be robust given a certain level of noise in the feedback of users. We have benchmarked DRG-Net on the two largest DR datasets, i.e., IDRID and FGADR, and compared it to various state-of-the-art deep learning networks. In addition to outperforming other SOTA approaches, DRG-Net is effectively updated using user feedback, even in a weakly-supervised manner.

In this work, we propose a new approach that combines data from multiple sensors for reliable obstacle avoidance. The sensors include two depth cameras and a LiDAR arranged so that they can capture the whole 3D area in front of the robot and a 2D slide around it. To fuse the data from these sensors, we first use an external camera as a reference to combine data from two depth cameras. A projection technique is then introduced to convert the 3D point cloud data of the cameras to its 2D correspondence. An obstacle avoidance algorithm is then developed based on the dynamic window approach. A number of experiments have been conducted to evaluate our proposed approach. The results show that the robot can effectively avoid static and dynamic obstacles of different shapes and sizes in different environments.

Ultrasound is progressing toward becoming an affordable and versatile solution to medical imaging. With the advent of COVID-19 global pandemic, there is a need to fully automate ultrasound imaging as it requires trained operators in close proximity to patients for long period of time. In this work, we investigate the important yet seldom-studied problem of scan target localization, under the setting of lung ultrasound imaging. We propose a purely vision-based, data driven method that incorporates learning-based computer vision techniques. We combine a human pose estimation model with a specially designed regression model to predict the lung ultrasound scan targets, and deploy multiview stereo vision to enhance the consistency of 3D target localization. While related works mostly focus on phantom experiments, we collect data from 30 human subjects for testing. Our method attains an accuracy level of 15.52 (9.47) mm for probe positioning and 4.32 (3.69){\deg} for probe orientation, with a success rate above 80% under an error threshold of 25mm for all scan targets. Moreover, our approach can serve as a general solution to other types of ultrasound modalities. The code for implementation has been released.

Collecting large-scale medical datasets with fully annotated samples for training of deep networks is prohibitively expensive, especially for 3D volume data. Recent breakthroughs in self-supervised learning (SSL) offer the ability to overcome the lack of labeled training samples by learning feature representations from unlabeled data. However, most current SSL techniques in the medical field have been designed for either 2D images or 3D volumes. In practice, this restricts the capability to fully leverage unlabeled data from numerous sources, which may include both 2D and 3D data. Additionally, the use of these pre-trained networks is constrained to downstream tasks with compatible data dimensions. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for unsupervised joint learning on 2D and 3D data modalities. Given a set of 2D images or 2D slices extracted from 3D volumes, we construct an SSL task based on a 2D contrastive clustering problem for distinct classes. The 3D volumes are exploited by computing vectored embedding at each slice and then assembling a holistic feature through deformable self-attention mechanisms in Transformer, allowing incorporating long-range dependencies between slices inside 3D volumes. These holistic features are further utilized to define a novel 3D clustering agreement-based SSL task and masking embedding prediction inspired by pre-trained language models. Experiments on downstream tasks, such as 3D brain segmentation, lung nodule detection, 3D heart structures segmentation, and abnormal chest X-ray detection, demonstrate the effectiveness of our joint 2D and 3D SSL approach. We improve plain 2D Deep-ClusterV2 and SwAV by a significant margin and also surpass various modern 2D and 3D SSL approaches.

In this paper, we present a robust and low complexity deep learning model for Remote Sensing Image Classification (RSIC), the task of identifying the scene of a remote sensing image. In particular, we firstly evaluate different low complexity and benchmark deep neural networks: MobileNetV1, MobileNetV2, NASNetMobile, and EfficientNetB0, which present the number of trainable parameters lower than 5 Million (M). After indicating best network architecture, we further improve the network performance by applying attention schemes to multiple feature maps extracted from middle layers of the network. To deal with the issue of increasing the model footprint as using attention schemes, we apply the quantization technique to satisfies the number trainable parameter of the model lower than 5 M. By conducting extensive experiments on the benchmark datasets NWPU-RESISC45, we achieve a robust and low-complexity model, which is very competitive to the state-of-the-art systems and potential for real-life applications on edge devices.

我们介绍了第一项经验研究，研究了突发性检测对意向检测和插槽填充的下游任务的影响。我们对越南人进行了这项研究，这是一种低资源语言，没有以前的研究，也没有公共数据集可用于探索。首先，我们通过手动添加上下文不满并注释它们来扩展流利的越南意图检测和插槽填充phoatis。然后，我们使用强基线进行实验进行实验，以基于预训练的语言模型，以检测和关节意图检测和插槽填充。我们发现：（i）爆发对下游意图检测和插槽填充任务的性能产生负面影响，并且（ii）在探索环境中，预先训练的多语言语言模型XLM-R有助于产生更好的意图检测和插槽比预先训练的单语言模型phobert填充表演，这与在流利性环境中通常发现的相反。

我们提出了一个数据收集和注释管道，该数据从越南放射学报告中提取信息，以提供胸部X射线（CXR）图像的准确标签。这可以通过注释与其特有诊断类别的数据相匹配，这些数据可能因国家而异。为了评估所提出的标签技术的功效，我们构建了一个包含9,752项研究的CXR数据集，并使用该数据集的子集评估了我们的管道。以F1得分为至少0.9923，评估表明，我们的标签工具在所有类别中都精确而始终如一。构建数据集后，我们训练深度学习模型，以利用从大型公共CXR数据集传输的知识。我们采用各种损失功能来克服不平衡的多标签数据集的诅咒，并使用各种模型体系结构进行实验，以选择提供最佳性能的诅咒。我们的最佳模型（CHEXPERT-FRECTER EDIDENENET-B2）的F1得分为0.6989（95％CI 0.6740，0.7240），AUC为0.7912，敏感性为0.7064，特异性为0.8760，普遍诊断为0.8760。最后，我们证明了我们的粗分类（基于五个特定的异常位置）在基准CHEXPERT数据集上获得了可比的结果（十二个病理），以进行一般异常检测，同时在所有类别的平均表现方面提供更好的性能。

如今，随着发现的OSS漏洞的数量，开源软件（OSS）漏洞管理流程随着时间的流逝而增加。监视漏洞固定提交是防止脆弱性开发的标准过程的一部分。但是，由于可能有大量的审查，手动检测漏洞固定的犯罪是耗时的。最近，已经提出了许多技术来自动检测使用机器学习的漏洞固定提交。这些解决方案要么：（1）不使用深度学习，或（2）仅对有限的信息来源使用深度学习。本文提出了藤条，该工具利用了更丰富的信息来源，包括提交消息，代码更改和针对漏洞固定的提交分类的报告。我们的实验结果表明，在F1得分方面，沃尔维尔剂的表现优于最先进的基线。 Vulcurator工具可在https://github.com/ntgiang71096/vfdetector和https://zenodo.org/record/7034132#.yw3mn-xbzdi上公开获得。

构建静态呼叫图需要在健全和精度之间进行权衡。不幸的是，用于构建呼叫图的程序分析技术通常不精确。为了解决这个问题，研究人员最近提出了通过机器学习为静态分析构建的后处理呼叫图所授权的呼叫图。机器学习模型的构建是为了通过在随机森林分类器中提取结构特征来捕获呼叫图中的信息。然后，它消除了预测为误报的边缘。尽管机器学习模型显示了改进，但它们仍然受到限制，因为它们不考虑源代码语义，因此通常无法有效地区分真实和误报。在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的呼叫图修剪技术AutoRoprouner，用于通过统计语义和结构分析消除呼叫图中的假阳性。给定一个由传统静态分析工具构建的呼叫图，AutoProuner采用基于变压器的方法来捕获呼叫者与呼叫图中每个边缘相关的呼叫者和Callee函数之间的语义关系。为此，AutoProuner微型调节模型是在大型语料库上预先训练的代码模型，以根据其语义的描述表示源代码。接下来，该模型用于从与呼叫图中的每个边缘相关的功能中提取语义特征。 AutoProuner使用这些语义功能以及从呼叫图提取的结构特征通过馈送前向神经网络分类。我们在现实世界程序的基准数据集上进行的经验评估表明，AutoProuner的表现优于最先进的基线，从而改善了F量级，在识别静态呼叫图中识别错误阳性边缘方面，高达13％。